Abstract an improved method for the preparation of graphene oxide go is described. Chemical means are a practical approach for the bulk scale synthesis of graphene. Highefficient synthesis of graphene oxide based on. Though the extraction of graphene through hummers method is one of the oldest techniques yet it is one of the most suitable methods for the formation of bulk graphene. The optimization of both the chemical vapor deposition cvd synthesis method to prepare graphene and the improved hummers method to prepare graphite oxide is reported. Synthesis variables were optimized according to a thickness value, calculated using a homemade excelvba. This improved synthesis shows good prospects for scalable production and applications of go and its derivatives.
Jan 31, 2015 synthesis of graphene oxide using modified hummers method. Synthesis and characterization of novel nano derivatives of. Compared with hummers method, electrochemical exfoliation of graphite is considered facile and. However, knowledge about the structure of go is still in argument and ongoing to update. Jul 07, 2012 a simple singlestage approach, based on the hydrothermal technique, has been introduced to synthesize reduced graphene oxide titanium dioxide nanocomposites.
Go plays important roles in the sustainable development of energy and the environment, taking advantages of oxygencontaining functional groups for good dispersibility and assembly. Graphene oxide go is one typical twodimension structured and oxygenated planar molecular material. A simple approach to stepwise synthesis of graphene oxide. May 01, 2015 synthesis of graphene, various methods, mechanism, advantages and drawbacks, preparation of ndoped graphene. Typically, this means that the average diameter of the graphite powders used in synthesis will determine the average lateral. Scalability is an important factor for the synthesis of graphene, and one of the most popular approaches towards graphite exfoliation is the use of strong oxidizing agents to obtain graphene oxide go, a nonconductive hydrophilic carbon material 5 6. The triethanolamine used in the process has two roles. Dec 18, 2017 synthesis and characterization of graphene oxide go and reduced graphene oxide rgo for gas sensing application. Research article preparation and characterization of graphene oxide. Graphene synthesis, properties, and applications cheap tubes. An improved hummers method without using nano 3 can produce graphene oxide nearly the same to that prepared by conventional hummers method. Keywords chemical vapor deposition cvd epitaxial mechanical exfoliation pecvd reduction graphene oxide rgo unzipping method introduction carbon is a ubiquitous material that has been ever found. Hummers method is a chemical process that can be used to generate graphite oxide through the addition of potassium permanganate to a solution of graphite, sodium nitrate, and sulfuric acid.
However, the synthesis of go in an economical and efficient way remains a great. Meeting the requirements, graphene oxide go has been considered widely as a prominent precursor and a starting material for the synthesis of this processable material. Photosynergetic electrochemical synthesis of graphene oxide. Abstract graphene oxide go is one typical twodimension structured and oxygenated planar molecular material. Pdf structure and synthesis of graphene oxide researchgate. Synthesis variables were optimized according to a thickness value, calculated using a. Xray diffraction, transmission electron morphology, and thermogravimetric analysis were used to demonstrate the.
Synthesis and structural characterization of separate graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide nanosheets to cite this article. View the article pdf and any associated supplements and figures for a period of 48 hours. It is commonly used by engineering and lab technicians as a reliable method of producing quantities of graphite oxide. Although go can be easily prepared by oxidationexfoliation of graphite in agitated solutions, the size of these sheets is generally limited due t graphene chemistry. Synthesis, characterization, chemical reduction and. Facile hydrothermal preparation of titanium dioxide. This article also indicates recent advances in controllable synthesis of graphene, illuminates the problems, and prospects the future development in this field. Special issue synthesis and applications of graphite oxide. Due to the presence of oxygen functionalities, graphene oxide can easily disperse in organic solvents, water, and different matrixes. Graphene and graphene oxide graphene sheets can be obtained using a number of procedures.
This work describes the synthesis of graphene oxide go by both hummers and. Unlike graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide is a conductive material and well suited for use in electrically conductive materials, such as solar cell devices. Synthesis and characterization of graphene oxide and reduced. Express 3 105036 view the article online for updates and enhancements. Reduced graphene oxide is an excellent candidate for various electronic devices such as high performance gas sensors. Graphene oxide is a graphene derivative produced by chemical oxidation of graphite flakes in strong oxidizing agents. Design, synthesis, and characterization of graphene. Synthesis and characterization of graphene oxide go and reduced graphene oxide rgo for gas sensing application. Graphene oxide as a substrate for a variety of chemical transformations, including its reduction to graphene like materials, is also discussed. Synthesis, characterization, chemical reduction and biological application of graphene oxide by xiguang gao a thesis presented to the university of waterloo in fulfillment of the. For instance, it is worth noting that the size and shape of the carbon source will determine the size and shape of the resulting graphene oxide via a modified hummers method. Go was prepared according to the modi ed hummer method. Synthesis, properties, and applications of graphene oxide. Synthesis and structural characterization of separate.
Graphite oxide go was synthesized by a modified hummers method. In this article, we are reporting the synthesis of graphene nanosheets from plasma assisted reduction of graphene oxide go nanosheets using a. Graphene has received so much attention due to its exceptional electronic. In this work graphene oxide was prepared by oxidizing graphite to form graphite oxide. Pdf graphene oxide go can be regarded as one typical twodimension structured oxygenated planar molecular material. Theoretical calculations of the reduction of graphene oxide the model used for graphene oxide had the graphene decorated with hydroxyl and epoxide groups suggest that reduction below 6. The aim of this study is to study the influence of different solvents on the structure and electrical properties of graphene oxide. These derivatives have been characterized by ftir, h1 nmr, xrd and fsem. Since then, other techniques have been developed to mechanically exfoliate graphene from graphite including sonication, reduction of graphene oxide,and electrochemical exfoliation. Here we propose a strategy of radical oxidation reaction for the highefficiency production of graphene oxide go.
Pdf structure and synthesis of graphene oxide semantic. Currently, synthesis methods for massive production are seemingly abundant but in fact. Nov 12, 2018 graphene oxide is a graphene derivative produced by chemical oxidation of graphite flakes in strong oxidizing agents. The titanium dioxide nanoparticles are formed at the same time as the graphene oxide is reduced to graphene. However, once most of the oxygen groups are removed, the reduced graphene oxide rgo obtained is more difficult to disperse due to its tendency to create aggregates. Graphene synthesis by exfoliation graphene was first isolated by the manual exfoliation of pyrolytic graphite using adhesive tape. Aug 02, 2017 for more details please logon to instanano nanotechnology at instanat synthesis of graphene oxide hummers method synthesis of go modified hummers method how to synthesized graphene. Sigmaaldrich offers a number of graphene oxide products. Synthesis of graphene oxide go by modified hummers. Synthesis and reduction of large sized graphene oxide. Synthesis and characterization of reduced graphene oxide and. Graphene oxide go films with twodimensional structure were successfully prepared via the modified hummer method. For more details please logon to instanano nanotechnology at instanat synthesis of graphene oxide hummers method synthesis of go modified hummers method how to synthesized graphene. Structure and synthesis of graphene oxide sciencedirect.
An improved method for the preparation of graphene oxide go is described. As an important precursor and derivate of graphene, graphene oxide go has received wide attention in recent years. Here we report the preparation and characterization of graphene oxide paper, a freestanding carbonbased membrane material made by flowdirected assembly of individual graphene oxide sheets. Structurally, graphene oxide can be visualized as a graphene sheet with its basal plane decorated by oxygencontaining. Graphene oxide manganese dioxide cathode material for batteries and supercapacitors. And currently, synthesis methods for mass production are seemingly. By using hydrazine hydrate, the epoxy group in graphite. Synthesis of graphene oxide go by modified hummers method.
Synthesis and characterization of graphene oxide and. Graphene oxide has many carboxylic groups within its molecular structure, which is perfect for esterification and imidation, the derivatives graphene oxide gap, gso when reaction grapheme oxide with 2amino pyridine gap and 2hydroxy5sulfobenzoic acid gso. Hydrazinereduction of graphite and graphene oxide sungjin park a,b, jinho an a, jeffrey r. Graphene oxide go can be considered as one of the most visible outcomes of graphene research in terms of large scale production and commercialization prospects. Synthesis and characterization of graphene oxide go and reduced graphene oxide rgo for gas sensing. Potts a, aruna velamakanni a, shanthi murali a, rodney s. Graphene oxide go was prepared by an improved green chemical method using graphite flakes. The schematic structure of graphite oxide go was shown in figure 5.
Modified hummers process is widely used to produce go by reacting graphite flakes with a mixture of sulfuric acid, sodium nitrate, and potassium permanganate under vigorous stirring or sonication. Synthesis of graphene oxide scientific research publishing. Synthesis of reduced graphene oxideceo2 nanocomposites. The overall synthesis route can be modified to fit an individual researchers needs. In 1936, hofmann and rudolf 22 proposed the first go structure figure 1, the topleft 1st schematic structure in which a deal of epoxy groups are randomly distributed on the graphite layer, and then in 1946, ruess 21. Although graphite oxide is a multilayer system, monolayer flakes and fewlayer flakes can be found in a graphene oxide dispersion. Researchers across multiple disciplines have paid enormous attention to it due to the unique physiochemical properties. Jul 26, 2007 here we report the preparation and characterization of graphene oxide paper, a freestanding carbonbased membrane material made by flowdirected assembly of individual graphene oxide sheets. Research article preparation and characterization of. Preparation and characterization of graphene oxide paper. Reduced graphene oxide has certain unique qualities that make them versatile for a myriad of applications. Polyaniline was synthesized by chemical polymerization, and au nanoparticles npau were added afterward.
The field of nanotechnology has advanced following the discovery of a twodimensional material of sp 2 hybridized carbon atoms, graphene in 2004 by geim and novoselov. Preparation and characterization of graphene oxide paper nature. Synthesis of graphene oxide using modified hummers method. Compared with hummers method, electrochemical exfoliation of graphite is. Copper and nickel were used as catalysts in the cvdgraphene synthesis, ch4 and h2being used as precursor gases. However, models used to describe the structure of go are still in dispute and ongoing to update. Chapter 3 synthesis, characterization of graphene oxide and preparation of freestanding. Effect of graphene oxide synthesis method on properties. Ruoff a, a department of mechanical engineering and the texas materials institute, the university of texas at austin, one university station c2200. An improved hummers method for ecofriendly synthesis of. Fabrication of the electrodes consisted on the hybrid materials being.
Pdf synthesis and fabrication of graphene and graphene. Synthesis and characterization of reduced graphene oxide. Synthesis and characterization of reduced graphene oxide rgo. Graphene oxide is the oxidized form of graphene produced by oxidizing crystal graphite with a mixture of sulfuric acid, sodium nitrate, and potassium permanganate the hummers method. It can be considered as a precursor for graphene synthesis by either thermal or chemical reduction processes. Currently, hummers method kmno4, nano3, h2so4 is the most common method used for preparing graphene oxide. For the tremendous application of graphene in nanoelectronics, it is essential to fabricate highquality graphene in. Improved synthesis of graphene oxide american chemical society. Synthesis and characterization of novel nano derivatives. Facile hydrothermal preparation of titanium dioxide decorated.
Structural analysis of graphite oxide go graphene oxide go was a specific branch of graphene research. In this article, we are reporting the synthesis of graphene nanosheets from plasma assisted reduction of graphene oxide go nanosheets using a dielectric barrier discharge dbd plasma reactor. Highefficient synthesis of graphene oxide based on improved. In the first, graphite flakes are oxidized to graphite oxide, leading to the introduction of oxygen. Currently, an improved method for the preparation of graphene. Synthesis, characterization, chemical reduction and biological application of graphene oxide by xiguang gao a thesis presented to the university of waterloo.
Graphene oxide as a substrate for a variety of chemical transformations, including its reduction to graphenelike materials, is also discussed. A simple singlestage approach, based on the hydrothermal technique, has been introduced to synthesize reduced graphene oxidetitanium dioxide nanocomposites. Graphene, a twodimensional material of sp 2 hybridization carbon atoms, has fascinated much attention in recent years owing to its extraordinary electronic, optical, magnetic, thermal, and mechanical properties as well as large specific surface area. In this study, we investigated the directional heating of graphene oxide go dispersion to generate a temperature gradient and form a simulated ocean current inside the dispersion so that go sheets could be aligned in a directional manner and then reduced and selfassembled into anisotropic reduced graphene oxide rgo gel. In this work, synthesis and characterization of reduced graphene oxidepolyanilineau nanoparticles gopaninpau as a hybrid capacitor are presented. Optimization of the synthesis procedures of graphene and. Copper and nickel were used as catalysts in the cvd graphene synthesis, ch4 and h2being used as precursor gases. Graphene synthesis single layer few layers micromechanical cleavage of hopg chemical reduction of exfoliated graphene oxide 26 layers. Research across multiple disciplines has put it alone at the topmost concern due to unique physiochemical properties. Graphene oxide go can be regarded as one typical twodimension structured oxygenated planar molecular material.
Synthesis of reduced graphene oxideceo2 nanocomposites and their photocatalytic properties zhenyuan ji1,2, xiaoping shen1, minzhi li1, hu zhou3, guoxing zhu1 and kangmin chen2 1 school of chemistry and chemical engineering, jiangsu university, zhenjiang 2120, peoples republic of china. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Particular emphasis is directed toward the synthesis of graphene oxide, as well as its structure. Parameters such as reaction time, reaction temperature, and amount of concentration were varied to study the degree of oxidation of graphite to graphene oxide. Synthesis and characterization of graphene oxide go and. This work describes the synthesis of graphene oxide go by both hummers and modified hummers method and its characterization by xrd, ftir spectroscopy and sem. In this study, we report on the synthesis of graphene oxide as well as the fabrication and characterization of dye.
A new approach to synthesize graphene is oxidizing graphite powder with a mixture of h 2 so 4 h 3 po 4 acids and potassium permanganate. This introduction to graphene has been created to impart a general understanding of what graphene is, the types of graphene available, as well as synthesis methods and. Ultrasound assisted green synthesis and characterization of. Pdf an improved method for the preparation of graphene oxide go is described. In this study, we report on the synthesis of graphene oxide as well as the fabrication and characterization of dyesensitized. Over the span of years, improvements over various synthesis methods of graphene are constantly pursued to provide safer and more effective alternatives. Ruoff a, a department of mechanical engineering and the texas materials institute, the university of texas at austin, one university station c2200, austin, tx 787120292, usa b department of chemistry, inha university. Theoretical models for structures of graphite or graphene oxide. Related content graphene oxide reduced and modified by environmentally friendly glycylglycine and.